Contemporary Business Communication and One Language Policy in Busines Essay

Contemporary Business Communication and One Language Policy in Business - Essay Example In this article, Neeley highlights the benefits of adopting a language with a global appeal like English as the official mode of communication for multinationals with cross-border operations. By using different languages depending on the country of operation, multinationals like Samsung would adopt English in the united states and the united kingdom, Spanish in Spain and the southern American and Caribbean states, French in France and its former colonies in Africa and Latin America among other languages. This leads to complication and lack of uniform operation and mode of communicating important policy issues from the head office which uses Korean as the official language (Fredriksson, Barner & Piekkari, 2006). Multilingualism may be viewed as an approach to eliminating the challenges of communication barriers facing multinationals but its application in the entire organization affects the communication process and creates confusion. This lays the ground for policy misinterpretation and lack of effective unit management and coherence with the head office. In this paper, the sentiments of Neeley (2012) will be discussed in relation to the current use of English in multinationals operating in predominantly non-English countries. According to Neeley (2012), the adoption of a common communication mode is more than just being a good idea for organizations with domestic operations in the United States with international target market or companies in France intending to tap on the domestic market. The use of different languages in an organization affects the operation of the multinationals and constitutes to the inefficient management approaches. Organizations today exist as interactive places where communication is key to the success of the approaches adopted. Managers and supervisors of  multinationals coordinate the task of employees based in different countries whose language may not be common to the supervisors. A number of factors have been attributed to the current emergence of English as a common communication language in multinationals across the globe (Bell, 2011).  

BRAVADO and Linguistics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BRAVADO and Linguistics - Research Paper Example They have also helped to create new ways of analyzing the different pieces written over time, and this paper will actually look at how bravado and linguistics play an important role in literature. Bravado means a false bravery and it comes from the word brave, but it is the complete opposite of its meaning. This can possibly be applied in describing people who in the real sense are cowards, but they pretend to be brave because of a certain reason. These people at first often show that they are very brave but eventually, they turn out to be cowards. Linguistics on the other hand is the scientific study of human language as a whole, and it can be divided into different categories to help understand and decipher linguistics. These categories are three in number and they include language form, language meaning and language in context, and they all contribute to linguistic development, where they help bring out the deeper meanings in linguistics. They can be applied in making comparisons of different literally works and in this case, they can be effectively applied to compare and contrast Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Beowulf, both very old literally works (Crystal 27). The two poems are used to make readers have a better understanding of linguistics and bravado, since the authors have used both styles to give better illustrations of how the styles are applied in literally pieces (Heaney 22). This is a powerful poem written in the 14th century, which some scholars refer to it as the famous ‘beheading game.’ It can be classified as an alliterative romance because of the plot of the poem, which is basically about a mysterious challenge posed by Green Knight to the knights of King Arthur’s round table. He asks any knight that is willing to take the challenge to strike him with his axe and in return, after a certain period, the Green Knight will reciprocate by hitting the

Entrepreneurship Motivation Among Students Business Essay

Entrepreneurship Motivation Among Students Business Essay The Indian economy was previously highly depended on agriculture; however, the current development in the industrial and service sectors requires entrepreneurship to also parallely progress, so, entrepreneurship in India requires ample motivation. Many aspects play a role in developing entrepreneurship: Educational institutions help develop requisite qualities like leadership and team spirit, help in the development of business plans, and the gaining of financial support, besides setting up TBIs and EDCs. Established businesses can help with internship, apprenticeship, and collaborations. Small scale industrial associations can also act as facilitators in prototype labs, and expositions. It is the view of a number of first generation entrepreneurs that entering into entrepreneurship demands a lot of drive and passion. Not only is the entrepreneur expected to be inspired by the idea behind the business, but business man must also have ample leadership potential in order to be able to take the responsibility in case of failure. Role of educational institutions: What students posses? What is needed in an entrepreneur? Qualitative transformation required to be an entrepreneur Educational institutions must for this reason create leaders who are simultaneously both good team players, while at the same time being capable of exercising absolute control over their employees. With this view in mind educational institutions take active efforts to boost leadership skills through development of business plans, and conducting of best manager competitions. Various team-building games are also conducted. The concept of developing competitive business plans adds to the soundness of the plans, as each student would want to better upon the plans of the others. Students come from various backgrounds, and so those students from business families could assist students from non-business families in the development of their business plan. In this way even students who may not originally have been interested in business may be drawn into business as a result of their involvement with their business plan. Self-motivation is a slow process among Indian students, as compare to the youth in Western countries, where people begin work in their teens. Being conventionally risk-taking, western societies do not look to secured jobs, and are willing to experiment with different business enterprises. In India however, entrepreneurship is considered the preserve of a few hereditary business families, who posses the requisite business acumen. Educational institutions also lack behind in encouraging students to step into entrepreneurship as placement cells are often formed with the sole idea of only getting students into stable jobs, and a comparatively lesser emphasis is laid on the setting up of entrepreneurship development cells. Colleges should also take other steps such as the setting up of Entrepreneurship Development cells (EDCs), where people are called in the raise the awareness of students as regards the marked situation financial and other resolve available. College libraries must also be well stocked in books by renowned entrepreneurs, such as the books of Subroto Bacghi, which thorough light on the process through which the entrepreneurs have risen to the top. The lack of sufficient financial resources is another major hurdle faced by first generation entrepreneurs. Colleges step in this regard by sponsoring good business enterprises upto a stage when they are able to stand on their own feel and are well grounded. Initiative on the part of financial institutions, in giving business loans can give a further impetus to this endeavor. Educational institutions can play a role in connecting those students who have good business ideas, but lack financial resources with sponsers willing to finance them. Role of extant enterprises: The concept of internship is the crux of widespread entrepreneurship in foreign countries, and must be propagated in India also. Internship must be avidly encouraged among students at the college level itself, as students will be able to go through stints in various organizations, and form a clear picture of their interest and aptitudes. In this way, the business acumen possessed by the said business families can also be absorbed by those who do not belong to such families. Thus, the lack of confidence found in students, as result of dearth of industrial exposure can also be mitigated. The effectiveness of internship can be further enhanced by combining it with industrial visits to a varied variety of industries, in order to widen the scope of the students exposure. Interactive sessions, where students get to meet a large number of industry leaders can also be encouraged. Successful businessmen must also come forward to take up protà ©gà ©s and apprentices who can be groomed to succeed them. Role of business associations: Organizations like SIPCOT play an active role in the propagation of sound business plans and there by setting up the business. Educational institutions will profit by getting actively involved with such organizations in order to foster the growth of their students. Students can also be given a safe atmosphere in which to experiment with the implementation of their ideas if expositions are setup by small-scale industries associations where students can setup stalls, and market their prototypes to the people who come to visit the stalls. Awareness among educational institutions has also increased, and many colleges now have vibrant Technology Business Incubators (TBIs), which are connected to important industries. These industries carry out the ideas innovated upon by the students. Students are also allowed to directly interact with the industries where their ideas are implemented and can be principal part of the implementation process affording the students better clarity about the viability of their ideas, and awareness as to what and how changes are to be enacted to the idea. Other factors to enhance entrepreneurship: Another point to be kept in mind is that a business need not start big. An entrepreneur can always begin with a little organization based on a small idea and then diversify into numerous fields as new and innovative ideas come to him. Collaborations are also a good idea. Start-up entrepreneurs can begin with the small enterprise, in collaboration with a lager firm, so that they can receive financial support, and mergers are possible in the case of worst case scenario. In this regard, parental support plays a vital part as parents should encourage their children to follow their heart and go after their dreams, however big or small. The government can do its part by encouraging ancillary support to entrepreneurs from such sources as suppliers, retailers and distributors. Co-operatives can be formed among groups of suppliers, retailers, distributors, and businessmen, so that they can all work towards their common profit. The government has also nowadays become more liberal in its economic policies, providing more space to entrepreneurs. Risk-taking is a problem area for most first generation entrepreneurs. Many fist generation entrepreneurs do not have ample financial resources in order to be able to bare the brunt of heavy losses. This situation may be eased by setting up business on the basis of partnerships. This, not only distributes risk, but also leads to the sharing of ideas, and the best ideas can be selected after detail deliberation. E-commerce is now affording new entrepreneurs fresh pastures, as the investment on tangible assets in a web-based business is very limited, hence reducing the risk of huge financial losses. Education is a great benefit to students as it makes them more articulate, and so it helps the new-age entrepreneurs build a better rapport with customers, who are they life-blood of the organizations. Industrial training institutes formed the ideal atmosphere for motivating students to enter into entrepreneurship, as the scope of education at ITIs naturally gives the students the require technical know-how, which will help them fine-tune details at the grassroots level in the enterprise which they setup. In conclusion, India, a country which has produce business masterminds like JRD Tata, has the potential to develop entrepreneurial skills among its sizable working age population, which is slated to grow from 77.5 Crores in 2008 to 95 Crores in 2026, according to the 2008 -09 annual budget. Literature Review According to the prevailing literature, entrepreneurial behavior of any society is determined by different factors. These are social, personality and environmental factors (Gurol and Atsan, 2006). Social factors or demographic factors examine the personal background, family background, gender and the early experiences of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs, while the environmental factor model looks at the contextual factors such as the value of wealth, tax reduction and indirect benefits, timing opportunities in career process and the impact of market condition. Personality factors, widely known as trait model, focus on personality characteristics of entrepreneurs. Trait model rests on the assumption that entrepreneurs possess certain inherent characteristics, values and attitudes that provide an impetus for them and distinguish them from others. Personality Traits and Socio-demographic Background A number of personality traits, such as risk-taking propensity, the need for achievement, and locus of control, have been discussed as factors affecting peoples aspirations to start their own firms. Need for achievement McClellands need for achievement theory (1961) highly emphasized that need for achievement is one of the strongest psychological factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior. It is believed that individuals with a high need for achievement has a strong desire to be successful and are consequently more likely to behave entrepreneurially. Individuals, who have a strong need to achievement want to solve problems themselves, set targets and strive for these targets through their own efforts, demonstrate a higher performance in challenging tasks and are innovative in the sense in looking for new and better ways to improve their performance. Risk taking propensity A persons risk-taking propensity can be defined as his/her orientation towards taking chances in uncertain decision-making contexts. According to Cantillion (1775) the main factor in differentiating the entrepreneurs from employed workers was the uncertainty and risk taken by the former. It is believed that entrepreneurs prefer to take moderate risks in situations where they have some degree of control or skill in realizing a profit. Locus of control Another personality trait is locus of control. While individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they are able to control lifes events, individuals with an external locus of control believe that lifes events are the result of external factors, such as chance, luck or fate. The empirical evidence shows that small business entrepreneurs are more oriented at the internal level, than the population in general. The socio-demographic background refers to a persons social background and earlier experiences. It is revealed that the family, particularly, the father or mother, plays the most powerful role in establishing the desirability and credibility of entrepreneurial actions. It was found that significant relationship between small business work experience and interest in owning a small firm as compared to other types of work experience, past entrepreneurial experience may be more important for entrepreneurial success and for interest in an entrepreneurial career. The respondents whose parents owned a small business showed the highest preference for self employment and the lowest preference for organizational employment. By examining the relationship between demographic variables and entrepreneurial intention if was discovered that family background and gender did not contribute to entrepreneurial motivation but self employment experience was marginally supportive. The result indicated that a post graduate with entrepreneurship exposure was more likely to start a new business and have stronger entrepreneurial intentions than any other graduate. Entrepreneurial Intention Katz and Gartner (1988) define entrepreneurial intention as the search for information that can be used to help fulfill the goal of venture creation. They found that while 43% of Post Graduate preferred to be Self-Employed, only 7% showed real inclination to go ahead and step into entrepreneurship. Research Methodology This study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial characteristics of university students on the basis of data collected. The researcher assumed that certain entrepreneurial characteristics and their socio-demographic background motivates people to become entrepreneurs. A structured questionnaire was designed to gather the data required for this research. The research instrument covers socio-demographic variables, and entrepreneurial intention measures, along with such variables as, the need for achievement, risk-taking propensity, and locus of control. Sampling Design and Data Collection Procedure Students of the MBA department of Anna University, Coimbatore were surveyed. A questionnaire among 48 students and all the responses were found to be useable and relevant in the tabulation of data. Results and Discussions The results were found to be as follows: It was found that students from different social setups possessed different qualities. Students with business parentage were found to be strong in aspects of leading effectively and versatility. In fields of Competitiveness, taking initiatives, and having desire to create, students with employed parents were found to be capable. Students from agrarian setup were the ones most willing to innovate. According to gender classification, it was seen that women were willing to take the initiative, to compete forcefully. In all other respects, such as Innovation, Leadership, Desire to create and Versatility, the men were in the lead. In the measurement of other social demography variables Being well organized was rated at the highest, followed by Patience, then the ability to get along with peers. Perseverance, High level of energy and need to associate closely with others were on an equal footing. The survey also came to realize that the students were inherently highly self-confident. The students also display a desire to be self-reliant. Some showed a strong driving force, be it money or desire for power. The Propensity to take risks, however, was a quality which was discovered only in a third of the students and even fewer were willing to face uncertainties. Conclusion: Overall students displayed a high entrepreneurial intention in such aspects as innovation, the desire to take initiative and leadership potential. Men showed more entrepreneurship capacity, as compared to women. In personal traits, students were well-organized and patient. Though students are driven by ample self-confidence, their confidence suffers when it comes to taking risks and facing uncertainties. Thus it is to be understood that, though students already possess a reasonably good attitude but this attitude requires ample boosting in the sphere of risk-taking propensity. So, initiatives taken to protect entrepreneurs from risk will go long way in getting more students involved in entrepreneurship.

Media Advertising - Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years Essay

A Look at Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years "To be, or not to be?" This is the question that plagues companies every year. The business is one of survival- survival of the fittest. Companies around the world are constantly scattering about, developing new weapons in nuclear advertisement. Having looked back at old strategies, it is interesting to see the strategies that worked have lasted over time. Since the April 5, 1937 edition of LIFE magazine, Colgate's advertisements have evolved to appeal to different audiences as seen in another ad in the January 1985 edition of LIFE. Though targeting different audiences over the past fifty years, Colgate has kept many of their original advertising strategies, but has changed their approach by introducing children as subject matter, leading parents to respond to the ad with their children in mind. A sort of sex appeal is visible in the 1950's commercial, mainly focusing on the fun that a man and a women can have if they both were to have nice breath. The Colgate advertisement in the fifties is focused towards an adult audience who are single and looking for ways of attracting the opposite sex. All the characters are portrayed as clean, single people. Ray, the man in the ad, seems to be a business man, though not the type to be swimming in money. Colgate wanted every man to be able to identify with Ray, and so placed him in what would probably have been the largest economic group. Not only would this allow the men in the audience to identify with the situation, but it would also attract the middle class and make it easier for them to relate and become involved with the ad as well. In the Colgate advertisement of the eighties, a question could be raised in contrast to... ...e the viewer is an average American, the ad forces the reader into a group- such as you are a mom, or one of those that love the taste- which gives reason for the viewer to by the product. Ultimately, Colgate has always tried to make their advertisements in a way that stops the reader from flipping the page by capturing his interest. Strategies used by Colgate in the fifties can be seen in the ad of the eighties, though the subject matter has changed and some of the strategies have become extinct. This subject matter, which includes the children from the eighties, became a very important factor in appealing to the audience. Likewise, the subject matter from the fifties, including the sex appeal, was probably very effective in that day. Because times have changed, neither of the ads would have fit in the others time, and would likewise probably not work in 1997.

Loneliness †theme within Steinbecks ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

Loneliness is the theme ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck. He describes loneliness, and secluded lives of men who work on the ranch. George and Lennie who together share a dream, their partnership of farming their own land. Mutually they partake in a relationship so rare, travelling so many miles together building independence upon one another. Lennie’s loving puppy-like character has its advantages and disadvantages. His natural simplicity is also considered as naivety, which in many cases leads to disaster. For instance he reverts to fighting when he can’t get his way ‘Crashing back through the bush.’ This proves his childish qualities and immaturity. As with George who adopts a father figure role is by far more realistic, sensible and reliable. He’s independent suggesting that ‘I could get along so easy and so nice if I didn’t have you no my tail†¦live easy and get a girl.’ Alone the two would not survive the cruel ways of the world but together as where one lacks the other gains building a strong companionship. We discover further information about the lonely lives of specific characters living on the ranch from chapter two onwards. Steinbeck at the beginning of chapter two sets the scene. He illustrates the deserted spread of land of which, Lennie and George come across ‘the ranch.’ They encounter an unfamiliar face by the name of Swamper, a crippled old man who introduced them to the bunkhouse and discussed Whitey a former worker. Whitey was a blacksmith, was strangely hygienic and kept himself to himself. He had the tendency to dress-up even when he wasn’t going anywhere ‘put on a necktie even’ as the swamper described. He had recently quit as he had an issue with all food. This I feel shows a life of very small meaning. I can’t imagine anyone who is completely fulfilled to pick at food for the reason of just because? ‘Gimme my time.’ This I think is Steinbeck showing some evidence of loneliness. A man could be so desolate that he would look to find any excuse to make a fuss, to be noticed. He seemed to create the excitement in which he lacked so desperately, dressing up on any occasion possible a reason to wake up each morning! A character in the story that experiences loneliness is the swamper also known as Candy. A friendly and elderly man, who has worked at the ranch for many years. He stays at the bunkhouse with a dog as a companion. Candy and his dog are inseparable. Candy depends on the loyal hound, and they have shared many happy times together. Later on in the story, Candy’s dog is forced to be put down for the reason that the rest of the workers disagree for the nasty and decayed mutt to be kept alive. The workers constantly complained of the redolence of the dog However, Candy and his dog were literally attached by the hip and the stench had become unnoticeable and became part of Candy he ‘had been around him so much †¦ I never notice how he stinks.’ This I think explains part of Candy’s loneliness that without his dog there is a great emptiness within him. George and Lennie soon befriended Candy after the death of the dog, proposing a chance to go into business together. This seems like the opportunity of a lifetime to Candy, his hope for companionship and a secure job to rely on. His destiny to find fulfilment in many respects has come true and will do any thing in his own power to make sure it’s not taken away from him. Another character that is lonely is Curlys Wife an attractive woman with full rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made-up. Fingernails painted red, hair hung in little rolled clusters. She was known to be flirtatious with a bitchy personality, a terrible reputation. Curlys Wife had seen life as a disappointment failing in her life’s goals ‘coulda been in the movies’ said so frequently and her bitterness towards anyone who was happier or more successful than herself. She is found picking on those less fortunate than her as when she made the remark ‘They left all the weak ones here,’ clearly it obvious that the comment was meant to be offensive. A reason for all this cruel behaviour may be loneliness Curlys Wife has no friends and a husband that ignores her. He never seems to be around ‘Any you boys seen Curly?’ He’s usually in a hoar house or out with the guys. Although, extremely over protective of her. The ranch workers had little respect for Curlys Wife by speaking of her as something of Curlys, no importance she often feels that she is never wanted. Curlys Wife discovers Lennie’s desire of her in which she takes of advantage of. For once there is someone with an interest of her ‘I get lonely†¦ I never get to talk to nobody.’ When Curlys wife hides behind the make or makes rude remarks it could be because she’s insecure within herself, lacking confidence so when she puts people down it makes her feel better. The character that experiences the most loneliness is Crooks also known as the Nigger. He is crippled from a damaged spine resulting in an odd shape figure (hunch back). He is described to have ‘eyes deep in his head †¦ his lean face was lined with deep black wrinkles, and thin pain-tightened lips which were lighter than his face.’ Crooks lives alone as around the time the story was set to be in there were race issues causing discrimination, which was unfortunate for Crooks. Over the years of working in such a secluded environment Crooks seemed to have become bitter and nasty warning people away ‘Don’t come where you’re not wanted’. Crooks seemed to talk to no one other than Slim ‘a real skinner he looks out for his team.’ Crooks respected Slim, as he was the only one who would treat him as if he were a human being. You learn about Crooks when Lennie approaches him in his bunk. At first he is completely against the idea and tries to worry Lennie with the thought that George maybe hurt or unable to come back ‘Spose he gets killed, or hurt so much, he can’t come home.’ This was poof of Crook’s evil way of thinking leaving Lennie’s mind running crazy but he shortly reassures him saying he will come back, no need to worry. We discover later that Crooks lived a happy childhood playing with the white kids from next door. He also had close relationships with his brothers. It was later on in life that the harsh world ended up him living such a lonely life. He is self-conscious, believing no one to ever like him so when he meets Lennie and discovers he actually takes interest in him, he is shocked and even suggest to help in the assistance of the business between George, Candy and Lennie when he over here the discussion between the three.

Features a of Successful School Essay

The way in which U. S. schools are ran today are not adequate for the growing needs of students in the 21st century. According the Darling-Hammond (2010), if these trends continue, by 2012, America will have 7 million jobs in science and technology fields, â€Å"green† industries, and other fields that cannot be filled by U. S. workers (p. 3). Other nations have figured out how to educate their youth, and those students will take the jobs of their U. S. counterparts if the U. S. does not change the ways in which we educate our youth. Darling-Hammond (2010), found that higher-achieving nations are more focused on quality teachers, and development of curriculum and assessment that encourages continuous reflection of teachers and students (p. 8). There is a need for change in the current education system, which was designed to educate students in the 20th century. According the Darling-Hammond (2010), â€Å"At least 70% of U. S. jobs now require specialized knowledge and skills, as compared to only 5% at the dawn of the last century, when our current system of schooling was established (p. 2). Now that a need for change has been identified, it is up to the districts, schools and teachers to implement the changes. Through much research Darling-Hammond (2010), has identified five essential features of education that need to be changed to help prepare students for success in elementary though college. These five features include: small school size or learning communities within the school, personalization and strong relationships among teachers and students, challenging and relevant instruction, performance based instruction, and collaboration of teachers (p. 244). Features Defined  The aspect of small school size and learning communities are important to schools success, because it allows students to feel important in the school system. Studies have been done by Darling-Hammond (2010), and have identified that there is less violence in smaller school compared to larger schools, because everyone knows each other and there is more accountability for a student’s action (p. 245). When the school and or class sizes are smaller the teachers get to know each of their students and have the ability to identify with each student, where as larger schools the students just ecome a number with little to no individual attention. Darling-Hammonds research states: These experiences underscore evidence accumulated over several decades that suggest that, overall, smaller high schools are associated with greater safety more positive student attitudes about school, higher levels of student participation and attendance, much lower dropout rates (p. 245). The reduction of school size alone will not solve the education problem our nation is facing, but merely an aspect that will help with the problem. The second aspect to a successful school according to Darling-Hammond (2010) is the need for â€Å"structures that allow for personalization and strong relationship† (p. 244). The way that teachers and students gain these strong relationships is through an advisory class, teachers are given a small number of students and in many cases these students stay with the same teacher over a number of years. Because of these factors of small class sizes and extended time with the teacher, teachers are able to gain strong relationships with their students. By knowing students well, teachers are more able to tailor instruction to students’ strengths, needs, experiences, and interests† (Hammond & Friedlaender, 2008, p. 17). According the research done by Darling-Hammond: †¦ we found that strong relationships between and among students and faculty were central to participants’ views of what enabled them to succeed. Students often compared their school to a family and linked their achievement to their caring relationships with teachers (p. 248). Another equally important aspect to a successful school touched on by Darling-Hammond (2010) is â€Å" intellectually challenging and relevant instruction† (p. 44). Since the beginning of time teachers have taught curriculum and given students assignments based on what was taught, but is the assignments relevant to the students learning? Darling-Hammond, (2010) says teachers should be getting away from fill in the blank worksheets and having students produce more meaningful work such as research reports, discussions of problems, and open-ended questioning to challenge students more (p. 249). These types of challenging assignments help prepare st udents to become critical thinkers, and get them ready for college. Successful schools also ensure that teachers are giving performance-based assessments, Darling-Hammond (2010) states: All of the schools engage students in completing complex projects and investigations of various kinds, and most of them require the completion of portfolios for graduation, which include high-quality work illustrating disciplinary inquiry in each of the major subject areas (p. 257) These types of assessments are helping create students that are critical thinkers, rather than just recall and memory, which were previously performed. These high-quality assessments are beneficial to students in helping them be more prepared for success in college and beyond. The final aspect of Darling-Hammond plan to improve education is â€Å"highly competent teachers who collaborate in planning and problem solving† (2010, p. 244). The idea of collaboration allows teachers and students significant time to discuss, problem solve and create valuable lessons. If teachers were just left to their own means they could teach lesson with little to no results. There is the need for collaboration to identify ways in which they can teach lesson to better help their students. When time for professional development is built into teachers’ working time, their learning activities can be ongoing and sustained and can focus on particular issues over time (Wei, Andree & Darling-Hammond, 2009, p. 39). In the U. S. very few hours are build in to the work week for teachers to plan and many times the planning is done individually and not collaborative with other educators. Many high achieving nations provide the opportunity for continued staff development as well as a wide-range development to teachers, where as the United States give one day workshops with little to know follow up (Wei, Andree & Darling-Hammond, 2009, p. 1). The small amount of time by U. S. teachers spend on collaboration has an adverse effect on students achievement. Prioritizing the Essential Aspects The most important of Darling-Hammond’s aspect is providing students with highly competent teachers that are given the opportunity to collaborate with their peers. As addressed by Darling-Hammond and Richardson (2009): Current research suggests that providing intensive, content-rich, and collegial learning opportunities for teachers can improve both teaching and student learning. When schools support teachers with well-designed and rich professional development, those teachers are able to create the same types of rigorous and engaging opportunities for students—a foundation for student success in school and beyond (p. 52). Teachers are one of the key features to the important of student’s education, therefore they need to be given the opportunity for collaboration with their peers to gain the knowledge needed to reflect and plan to become better at their profession. Research done by Darling-Hammond shows that professional communities are an aspect that is important to schools that are achieving high levels of student learning (2010, p. 261). The next important aspect is providing instruction that is challenging and relevant to instruction. Teachers need to have high exceptions of their students and give students experience through task that are relevant to the real world and future success. Students are placed in internships and volunteer work as young as 11th grade to provide students with real-world experiences (Darling-Hammond, 2010, p. 257). According to Darling-Hammond (2010): Students reported that, even when they found they did not like the work or setting they had chosen, or when they experienced conflicts on the job, their internships made them feel more capable, responsible, and confident about solving problems and succeeding in their world beyond school (p. 256). These skills that students are learning from their internship are helping them become more prepared for their future. Keeping instruction relevant helps keep students interested in learning. Just as important as instruction is on education is the types of assessments used. It is important that the school system gets away from memorizing and gives more performance-based assessments, where students are involved in the revision of their work. Students need to be given more authentic assessments that are relevant to their learning and then have the opportunity to present their portfolios to communities of students. In the study by Darling-Hammond (2010) â€Å"†¦a deep sense of accomplishment from their experience, and, having repeated it several times before graduation, a growing sense of confidence† (p. 260). These types of assessments are giving students the skills needed to be successful in life. Schools that allow for personalization and strong relationships are important to students’ growth in school. Today students are cranking through each day like an assembly line (Darling-Hammond 2010, p. 250). Teachers know very little about the potential of each of their students, and therefore the students suffer. Students from the study by Darling-Hammond have said that they feel like teachers care about them and their work as well as pushing them to perform at their ability (2010, p. 50). The last aspect is also related to personalization of students, it is small sized school and or classes. With the small class sizes teachers are better able to know each of their students to help tailor their learning to meet those needs of the students. It is not a surprise that smaller schools have the ability to have a focus on safety. These smaller schools have an increase in safety a decrease in incidents, because the adults know the students in the school and hold them accountable for their actions (Darling-Hammond, 2010, p. 45) Implementation The changes that need to be made to school system are something that is not going to happen over night by one teacher. These changes need to start at the state level with help of the district, schools and teachers. Teachers cannot implement all of these changes on their own. The aspects that teachers can control are changing the way that they teach to create students that are more critical thinkers and provide students will more meaningful assessments. Teachers can also help guide students to assess their own learning. Another aspect that teachers can control is the amount of time they are spending collaborating with colleagues to share strategies, and solve problems. Teachers can so also try to get to know each of their students, but this a daunting task with such large class sized. There are many changes that need to be made that are out of control of the teacher’s hands. One of these changes is the amount of time they spend collaborating with other teachers. The district and school site needs to make this a priority and give those teachers the time they need to become more effective teachers. The district and school also needs to implement more meaningful staff development training. As teachers can start implementing more meaningful assessments for students, it is the district that will need to set graduations requirements associated with these assessments. To more effectively tailor students learning it will be the districts responsibility to lower classes sizes or implement an advisory period. Teachers can try to get know each of their students’ strengths, but with such large class sizes it is very difficult to individualized instruction. The aspect that teachers have no control over is the school size. If the district wants students to feel safe and accountable for their actions, this is something they will need to implement. Conclusion The traditional model of education that was designed for the 20th century is not working to educate the youth in the global world of the 21st century, and changes need to be made to better reach the needs of the students today. Some schools have already implemented and embraced these changes and have seen great results in achievement of students. By making the necessary changes to the education process students will become better prepared with skills to help them be successful beyond high school.